Which condition is characterized by a painless ulcer followed by lymphadenopathy?

The condition characterized by a painless ulcer followed by lymphadenopathy is primary syphilis. In the context of primary syphilis, the initial sign is a painless sore known as a chancre, which occurs at the site of infection, typically on the genitals, anus, or mouth. This sore usually resolves spontaneously and is followed by regional lymphadenopathy, where the lymph nodes near the site of the ulcer become swollen and tender.

While the other options involve ulcers or lymphadenopathy as well, they display different characteristics or progressions. For instance, chancroid typically presents with painful ulcers rather than painless ones, and granuloma inguinale is notable for its destructive granulomatous lesions accompanied by a different pattern of lymphadenopathy. Lymphogranuloma venereum involves a painful ulcer followed by significant inguinal lymphadenopathy, differing from the painless nature observed in primary syphilis.

Understanding the distinct features of these conditions is crucial in differential diagnosis, especially in clinical practice geared towards women's health.